BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraqi forces
were massing north of Baghdad on Friday, aiming to strike back at Sunni
Islamists whose drive toward the capital prompted the United States to send
military advisers to stiffen government resistance.
President Barack Obama offered up
to 300 Americans to help coordinate the fight. But he held off granting a
request for air strikes from the Shi'ite-led government and renewed a call for
Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki to do more to overcome sectarian divisions that
have fuelled resentment among the Sunni minority.
Speculation that Maliki might be
forced aside was heightened when the country's senior Shi'ite cleric urged a
speedy formation of a new government following the ratification this week of
the results of a parliamentary election held in April.
Maliki's Shi'ite bloc won the
most seats but, with stalemate among Shi'ite, Sunni and ethnic Kurdish groups,
the new assembly has yet to sit. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani wrote in a
Friday sermon that a constitutional deadline for convening to choose a new
prime minister and government should be respected.
In office since 2006, Maliki has
irritated Washington by the way he has alienated Sunnis and there has been
speculation he has also lost the confidence of allies in Iran as Tehran and the
United States look to end decades of mutual hostility to prevent anti-Western,
anti-Shi'ite zealots taking over Iraq.
In the area around Samarra, on
the main highway 100 km (60 miles) north of Baghdad, which has become a
frontline of the battle with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the
provincial governor, a rare Sunni supporter of Maliki, told cheering troops
they would now force ISIL and its allies back.
A source close to Maliki told
Reuters that the government planned to hit back now that it had halted the
advance which saw ISIL seize the main northern city of Mosul, capital of
Nineveh province, 10 days ago and sweep down along the Sunni-populated Tigris
valley toward Baghdad as the U.S.-trained army crumbled.
Governor Abdullah al-Jibouri,
whose provincial capital Tikrit was overrun last week, was shown on television
on Friday telling soldiers in Ishaqi, just south of Samarra: "Today we are
coming in the direction of Tikrit, Sharqat and Nineveh.
"These troops will not
stop," he added, saying government forces around Samarra numbered more
than 50,000.
This week, the militants'
lightning pace has slowed in the area north of the capital, home to Sunnis but
also to Shi'ites fearful of ISIL, which views them as heretics to be wiped out.
Samarra has a major Shi'ite shrine.
Maliki had former dictator Saddam
Hussein, overthrown by a 2003 U.S.-led invasion, hanged three years later for
killings of Shi'ites in nearby Dujail.
The participation of Shi'ite
militias and tens of thousands of new Shi'ite army volunteers has allowed the
Iraqi military to rebound after mass desertions by soldiers last week allowed
ISIL to carve out territory where it aims to found an Islamic caliphate
straddling the Iraqi-Syrian border.
"The strategy has been for
the last few days to have a new defence line to stop the advance of ISIL,"
a close ally of Maliki told Reuters. "We succeeded in blunting the advance
and now are trying to get back areas unnecessarily lost."
Pockets of fighting continue.
Government forces appeared to be still holding out in the sprawling Baiji oil
refinery, the country's largest, 100 km north of Samarra, residents said.
At Duluiya, between Samarra and
Baghdad, residents said a helicopter strafed and rocketed a number of houses in
the early morning, killing a woman. Police said they had been told by the
military that the pilot had been given the wrong coordinates.
"TARGETED" U.S. ACTION
While a new reality is emerging
with the key cities of Mosul and Tikrit for now out of reach for the
government, Obama has put U.S. military power back at Baghdad's disposal, while
insisting he will not send ground troops back, two and half years after he
ended the occupation that began in 2003.
Announcing the despatch of
advisers, the president said he was prepared to take "targeted"
military action later if deemed necessary, thus delaying but still keeping open
the prospect of air strikes to fend off a militant insurgency.
Obama also delivered a stern
message to Maliki on the need to take urgent steps to heal Iraq's sectarian
rift, something U.S. officials say the Shi'ite leader has failed to do and
which ISIL has exploited to win broader support among the Sunnis.
"We do not have the ability
to simply solve this problem by sending in tens of thousands of troops and
committing the kinds of blood and treasure that has already been expended in
Iraq," Obama told reporters. "Ultimately, this is something that is
going to have to be solved by the Iraqis."
The contingent of up to 300
military advisers will be made up of special forces and will staff joint
operations centres for intelligence sharing and planning, U.S. officials said.
Leading U.S. lawmakers have
called for Maliki to step down, and Obama aides have also made clear their
frustration with him.
While Obama did not join calls
for Maliki to go, saying "it's not our job to choose Iraq's leaders",
he avoided any expression of confidence in the embattled Iraqi prime minister.
Warning that Iraq's fate
"hangs in the balance", Obama said: "Only leaders with an
inclusive agenda are going to be able to truly bring the Iraqi people
together."
Iraqis appeared content with
Obama's decision. The Maliki ally said Obama's offer of aid was appropriate and
included the establishment of an intelligence liaison centre that would allow
for future U.S. air strikes on ISIL and other groups.
Obama's decision to hold off for
now on such strikes underscored scepticism in Washington, and among its
regional allies, over whether they would be effective, given the risk of
civilian deaths that could further enrage Iraqi Sunnis.
"We will be prepared to take
targeted and precise military action if we conclude the situation on the ground
requires it," Obama said. But he insisted that any U.S. military response
would not be in support of one Iraqi sect over another.
Maliki's Shi'ite alliance won the
most votes in the elections, and U.S. officials said the Obama administration
was pressing Iraqi authorities to accelerate the process of forging a new
governing coalition and for it to be broad-based, including Sunnis and Kurds.
Anthony Cordesman, an expert at
the Center for Strategic and International Studies think-tank in Washington,
said Obama's decision guaranteed that the United States, not just Maliki's
other key foreign allies in Shi'ite Iran, will have a presence on the ground
during the Iraq crisis.
"It gives the United States
the kind of direct contact with Iraqi forces that allows them to judge their
strengths and weaknesses and act as a check on sectarian abuses," he
wrote. "It keeps up the right kind of pressure on Maliki and any
successor."